(As for 007 movie(topic) / Not other movies but 007, a friend of mine saw it in Shinjuku yesterday, it seemed good. (4) 007 no eiga wa tomodachi ga kino Shinjuku de mimashita ga totemo yokatta soodesu. ( As for Shinjuku(topic) / Not other places but Shinjuku(contrast), a friend of mine saw 007 movie yesterday, there were many people.) (3) Shinjuku wa tomodachi ga kino 007 no eiga o mimashita ga takusan hito ga imashita. (As for yesterday(topic) / Not other day but yesterday(contrast), a friend of mine saw 007 movie in Shinjuku.) (2) Kino wa tomodachi ga Shinjuku de 007 no eiga o mimashita. (As for my friend(topic) / Not my sister but my friend(contrast), saw 007 movie at Shinjuku yesterday.) ![]() (1) Tomodachi wa kino Shinjuku de 007 no eiga o mimashita. There are four nouns in the sentence from (1) to (4) and if you want to pick one of those as a topic or contrast, then you can modify the sentence using “ wa “ as follows The subject of this sentence is “ tomodachi “ then “ ga “ is used. (A friend of mine saw 007 movie in Shinjuku yesterday.) Tomodachi(1) ga kino(2) Shinjuku(3) de 007 no eiga(4) o mimashita. Take a look at the following sentence, this is a plane/normal/neutral sentence. ![]() “Kaku-joshi” is basic to compose sentences, means “kaku-joshi” is required, the rest of others are secondary. (The speaker is kindly tell him/her that the cake is good.) This can be differ with intonation or situation.Įx. It comes at the end of the sentence and it often express of the speaker’s feelings. ( As for Noda-san, he speaks English./ Noda-san speaks English (but others don’t) ) (simple sentence) Noda-san ga eigo o hanashimasu. It doesn’t indicate subject or object of the sentence.Įx. It was great because the beach was beautiful and the foods were wonderful. Fuku-joshi ( wa, dake, sae, nanka, bakari etc)Įmphasizing. Umi wa kirei dattashi, tabemono wa oishikatta shi, totemo yokatta desu yo. ( I didn’t go anywhere because it was old.)ģ. Samukatta desu kara dokonimo ikimasen deshita. Setsuzoku-joshi ( kara (reason marker), ga (but), demo (but) etc.)Įx. It indicates subject or object of the sentence.Įx. Kaku-joshi ( to, no, ga, e, ya, kara, o, ni, de, yori ) (Categorizing particles are varies by linguists.)ġ. ![]() There are 4 kinds of particles in Japanese. It publishes Japanese Language and Literature twice each year and the AATJ Newsletter four times annually.Yes, I know… you would think “ wa & ga “ is still not clear. It holds an annual conference in conjunction with the Association for Asian Studies and also cosponsors the major annual foreign language education conference, the annual meeting of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. AATJ is the product of the consolidation of two national organizations: the Association of Teachers of Japanese (ATJ), founded in 1963, and the National Council of Japanese Language Teachers (NCJLT), founded in 1992.ĪATJ gives scholars the opportunity to exchange academic and professional views, results of research, and news of the field. AATJ fosters professional development, the promotion of Japanese and foreign language education, and the exchange of research, and seeks to coordinate its activities with related organizations to promote Japanese studies, including a network of state and regional affiliate organizations. The American Association of Teachers of Japanese is a non-profit, non-political organization of individuals and institutions seeking to promote the study of Japanese language, linguistics, literature, culture, and pedagogy, at all levels of instruction.
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